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Marcus Garvey
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Marcus Garvey Biography Facts for kids: Fast Fact Sheet
Fast, fun facts and Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's)
about Marcus Garvey.
Who was Marcus Garvey? Marcus Garvey was
a famous political leader, journalist and
Black Nationalist during the Harlem
Renaissance era.
Why was Marcus Garvey important? Marcus Garvey was
important because as a strong advocate of
Black Nationalism he founded the Universal
Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). He
became an inspiration to later civil rights
activists. Marcus Garvey also founded
the Black Star Line, which promoted the
return of the African Americans to their
original homelands - the 'Back to Africa'
movement. It earned him the nickname of the
"Black Moses."
What was Marcus Garvey's philosophy?
The philosophy of Marcus Garvey was that a
race without pride, authority and power, was
a race without respect. His goals were the
unification, self-reliance and empowerment
of African Americans.
Where and when was Marcus Garvey born?
The date of Marcus Garvey birthday was 17
August 1887. He was born in St Ann's Bay,
Jamaica
Where and when did Marcus Garvey die?
Marcus Garvey died on 10 June 1940 in
London.
Marcus
Garvey
Biography Facts for kids:
Marcus Garvey Biography Facts - Black Nationalism and the UNIA
The following fact
sheet contains interesting facts in a short biography
format about Marcus Garvey
Biography
and Facts
about Marcus Garvey for kids
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 1: Marcus Mosiah Garvey was born in St
Ann's Bay, Jamaica on 17 August 1887
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact
2: His parents Malcus Mosiah Garvey Snr
and Sarah Jane Richards. He was the youngest of 11
children of which only 2 survived to become adults.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 3: He left school at the age of 14 to become a
printer's apprentice. He read a lot, was interested in politics and
socialism and led a strike for higher wages at the printers.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 4: He traveled to South America and also visited
London before returning to Jamaica in 1914.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 5: In 1914, inspired by Booker T. Washington's call
for self-reliance he founded the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA).
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 6: In 1916, Marcus Garvey moved to
Harlem, New York in 1916 where the UNIA flourished. The
first UNIA division was formed in Harlem, New York in
May 1917
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 7: The goal of the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA) was to promote black pride and unity. The UNIA
focused on black economic self-reliance, black people’s rights to
political self-determination, and the founding of a black nation on
the continent of Africa.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 8: He became a famous leader and
intellectual during the period of the Harlem Renaissance
which ushered in a flowering of African American
culture.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 9: His excellent skills in public
speaking gained him many supporters in Harlem. He then
traveled across the United States, gaining thousands of
supporters, urging African Americans to be proud of
their race and return to Africa.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 10: The new gospel of racial pride was
called "Garveyism" that was set to inspire a global mass
movement and black economic empowerment.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 11: He established the Black Star Line in
1919, a massive endeavor of the UNIA which involved the
purchase of three ships. The purpose of the Black
Star Steamship Line was to ultimately provide a means
for African Americans to return to Africa. In the short
term the Black Star Line would be able transport
passengers and enable black people to conduct trade
around the Atlantic waters of the United States, the
Caribbean, Central America, and Africa.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact
12: The Black Star Line, financed and run
by African Americans, became a powerful recruiting tool
for the UNIA. By 1920 the UNIA had hundreds of branches
worldwide, hosted international conventions and
published the weekly 'Negro World'.
Continued...
Biography
and Facts
about Marcus Garvey for kids
Facts
about Marcus Garvey for kids
The following fact
sheet continues with and a biography and facts about Marcus Garvey
for kids.
Biography
and Facts
about Marcus Garvey for kids
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 13: Marcus Garvey and the UNIA tried to
persuade the government of Liberia in west Africa to
grant land on which black people from America could
settle, but Liberia refused and the attempt failed.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 14: In 1919 he married his first wife, Amy Ashwood
Garvey (1897-1969) but the marriage failed and they divorced in
1922.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 15: Black Nationalism: The ideas of
Marcus Garvey, that glorified black culture, captured
the imagination and inspired millions of African
Americans with his call for "Negro Nationalism", also
called Black Nationalism. Black Nationalism was a
radical form of patriotism associated with the quest to
achieve separate statehood for African Americans.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 16: Black Nationalism: The Black
Nationalism ideals of Marcus Garvey advocated political
power, the self-reliance of African Americans, racial
purity and separation from white society.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 17: He married his second wife
Amy Jacques Garvey (1895-1973) in Harlem, New York. Amy
and Marcus had 2 sons Marcus Garvey Jnr and Julius
Winston Garvey.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 18: In August 1920, Marcus Garvey and the
UNIA held its first international convention at the New
York Liberty Hall in Harlem. The convention adopted the
Declaration of the Rights of the Negro Peoples of the
World. After the convention an estimated 50,000 people
marched through the streets of Harlem as a gesture of
support.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 19: The activities of the UNIA and Marcus
Garvey alarmed white Americans and the government.
Memories of the 1919 race riots were fresh in the minds
of Americans. In 1919 over 20 race riots broke out in
the cities of the United States, the most serious being
the 1919 Chicago Race Riot.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact
20: The Federal Bureau of Investigation
(FBI) viewed the UNIA as a dangerous catalyst for black
uprisings in the cities of America. On May 31, 1921 Race
riots broke out in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact
21: On January 12, 1922 Marcus Garvey was
arrested for for mail fraud in connection with the sale
of stock in the failed Black Star Line. He was accused
of using the United States mail to fraudulently collect
money for investment in a ship that was never acquired.
The prosecution was probably politically motivated. He
was held on a $2,500 bond pending presentation of his
case to a federal grand jury.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact
22: The Black Star Line was plagued by
mismanagement and became a financial disaster. Garvey's
supporters had invested heavily in the company, in many
cases their life's savings. In April 1922 The Black Star
Line was dissolved due to financial failure. Estimates
of the company's losses were $1.25 million.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact
23: The extreme radicals of the UNIA
alarmed middle class African Americans and many Harlem
intellectuals. Marcus Garvey further alienated key
figures in the Harlem Renaissance by criticizing their
more conservative views. On June 25, 1922 Garvey met
with Edward Young Clarke, the Grand Wizard of the Ku
Klux Klan, that resulted in a vehement "Garvey
Must Go" campaign headed by black leaders.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact
24: In January 1923 he answered his
critics in The Negro World, referring to them as
"traitors," "turncoats," and "sinners" who will stop at
nothing to defile his name and hinder the work of the UNIA.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact
25: Garvey's trial for mail fraud began
on May 18, 1923. He was sentenced to 5 years in prison
on June 21, 1923 and he was imprisoned in Tombs Prison,
New York.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact
26: He was allowed bail on September 10,
1923 after a 3-month imprisonment. United States
Immigration authorities begin preparing a deportation
case against Marcus Garvey.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact
27: On February 8, 1925 Garvey was
arrested in New York and imprisoned in Atlanta Federal
Penitentiary for 2 years.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact
28: His sentence was commuted by
President Coolidge on November 18, 1927. Garvey's
immigrant status was used to have him deported to
Jamaica.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact
29: Marcus Garvey was deported to Jamaica
on December 2, 1927. He would never return to the United
States.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact
30: In 1928, Garvey founded the People's
Political Party (PPP) which was Jamaica's first modern
political party
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 31: In 1935, he moved permanently from
Jamaica to London.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 32: Marcus Garvey died of a heart attack
on 10 June 1940 in London at age 53 without ever having
set foot in Africa. His "Back to Africa" movement died
with him.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 33: On November 10, 1964 the body of
Marcus Garvey was returned to Jamaica. The following day
he was declared the country's first national hero.
Marcus
Garvey Biography Fact 34: He is buried in the Marcus Garvey
Memorial, National Heroes' Park, Kingston, Jamaica.
Biography
and Facts
about Marcus Garvey for kids
Facts
about
Marcus Garvey for kids: The Harlem
Renaissance
For visitors interested in the history of
the Harlem Renaissance refer to the following articles:
Black
History for kids: Important People and Events
For visitors interested in African American History
refer to
Black History - People and Events.
A useful resource for
teachers, kids, schools and colleges undertaking
projects for the Black History Month.
Biography and Facts about
Marcus Garvey for kids - President Woodrow Wilson Video
The article on the Marcus Garvey provides detailed facts and a summary of one of the important events during his presidential term in office. The following
Woodrow Wilson video will
give you additional important facts and dates about the political events experienced by the 28th American President whose presidency spanned from March 4, 1913 to March 4, 1921.
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